The Kultusgemeinde (Jewish community organization) was founded only in 1929, but Jews settled here from the 1830s. The Jewish commnity of Oberwart also included Jewish families who lived in Badersdorf, Großpetersdorf, Markt Allhau, Oberschützen, Pinkafeld and, from 1929, Stadtschlaining.
The Jewish community of Stadtschlaining was one of the oldest Jewish settlements in Burgenland. Two Jewish families, Spiegel and Grünwald, were mentioned in 1527. Jews probably moved there after their expulsion from Styria and Carinthia in 1496 by Emperor Maximilian I. Schlaining fell then under the authority of the Batthyánys.
The community of Schlaining flourished in the 1830s and 1840s, the number of local Jews rose to 600 (nearly half of the total population), before it sank to 300 in 1878, 112 in 1909, and 60 in 1923.
The community maintained several communal institutions: a synagogue that was built in 1903, two prayer houses, a cemetery that was established in1877, and a school.