Heinrich Herz was permitted to have in 1820 a prayer room adjunct to his kosher restaurant in the Neugasse (Franz Josef-Ring). In 1839 a prayer hall was established at Wassergasse 14 which could house up to 258 people. Until 1938, the building served as a Beth Midrash (place of Torah study). Another Beth Midrash functioned at Grabengasse 12, where the first public synagogue opened in 1871. A small prayer house was built in Vöslau-Gainfarn in 1911.
The large synagogue in Baden was built in 1872/73 by Franz Breyer in Grabengasse 12-14 in late-Classical style. It was enlarged in 1883.
A large ceremonial hall, planned by the Viennese architect Wilhelm Stiassny,
was built at the Jewish cemetery, in 1904-1906.
On Kristallnacht (November 9th, 1938) the houses of prayer and the ceremonial hall at the cemetery were destroyed, the synagogue in the Grabengasse was plundered and desacrated, but not destroyed, because it was not built in the “Jewish style” and was to be used for other purposes, namely by the NSV (Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt, National Socialist Welfare).
The “Synagogen- und Kulturverein Badener Schule” (The Jewish community organization – founded in 1988) took the building under its wings, prevented its demolition in 1988 and works for the complete renovation of the building.